Funk and colleagues show that acquisition of a multibasic cleavage site in H5 haemagglutinin is the result of the combination of insertion-prone RNA sequences and the formation of transient RNA structures during replication by the viral RNA polymerase. Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses emerge from H5 and H7 low-pathogenic variants following the acquisition of a multibasic cleavage site (MBCS) in the haemagglutinin protein, which enables cleavage by host proteases, leading to systemic viral ... [1158 chars]
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