Switchable 2D-3D display through a metasurface lenticular lens

Three-dimensional (3D) displays provide immersive visuals by delivering depth cues, making them valuable for applications such as interactive media1,2. To enhance practicality, 2D–3D switchable displays offer the flexibility to toggle between high-resolution 2D and immersive 3D modes in a single device3,4. Here we propose a full-colour 2D–3D switchable light-field display powered by a metasurface lenticular lens (MLL). The MLL switches its focal behaviour on the basis of the polarization of incident light, serving as the core mechanism for 2D–3D mode transition. The MLL is designed with a high numerical aperture, enabling a notably wider field of view of 100° while maintaining an ultrathin profile of just 1.2 mm. A large-area MLL with an active area of 25 cm2 is fabricated and seamlessly integrated as a dual-dimension switchable optics device, demonstrating the scalability of the approach for wide-area display applications. The fabricated device, when simply mounted onto an organic light-emitting diode display panel, successfully demonstrates clear 2D and 3D images, along with the active switching functionality enabled by applied voltage. These results highlight a promising solution for next-generation display technologies in both consumer electronics and commercial applications. A full-colour 2D–3D switchable light-field display powered by a metasurface lenticular lens is proposed that is a promising solution for next-generation display technologies in both consumer electronics and commercial applications. The efficiency of the MLL is calculated using RCWA for different incident angles and positions. The angles \(({\theta }_{u},{\theta }_{v})=({\cos }^{-1}\left(\frac{\xi -u}{d}\right),{\cos }^{-1}\left(\frac{\eta -v}{d}\right))\) and the coordinate val... [1359 chars]