A new analysis of the “Boltzmann brain” paradox suggests our memories and sense of reality could, in theory, be random illusions born from cosmic chaos. By uncovering circular reasoning in how physicists think about time and entropy, the study raises fresh doubts about what we can truly know about the past. The puzzle comes from a deep tension within statistical physics. A key foundation for understanding why time seems to move in one direction is Boltzmann's H theorem, a central principle in statistical mechanics tied to the second law of thermodynamic... [2242 chars]
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