The United States never built a Venus lander — every American probe was meant to die on impact. But in December 1978 one throwaway probe hit the surface and kept transmitting for 67 minutes and 37 seconds, making America's only Venus landing an accident. The Soviet Union spent the 1960s and 1970s building Venus landers, titanium tanks engineered to survive the solar system’s most hostile surface. The United States never built one at all. Every American Venus probe was designed to do its work on the w... [9598 chars]