Gravitational waves offer an entirely independent way to measure the expansion of the universe. These large ripples in the fabric of space-time are produced when extremely dense objects, such as black holes, collide. Second only to black holes, neutron stars—incredibly dense star remnants—are the densest objects in the universe. When neutron stars collide, they create ripples in the fabric of space and time in a way that we can detect on Earth. We can then use th... [5706 chars]